Jet engines trace back to 150 BC aeolipile using steam power. Archytas reportedly designed first self-propelled flying device. First working pulsejet patented by Russian Karavodin in 1906. Ramjet concept patented by Lorin in 1913 but remained theoretical
ATA 100 standard was published by Air Transport Association in 1956. System continued to be widely used until 2015. FAA developed JASC Code Tables in 1999 as modified version of ATA 100. ATA iSpec 2200 introduced in 2000 for industry-wide standardization. S1000D standard developed for XML-based maintenance information management
Kites were invented in China around 5th century BC, used for communication and navigation. Abbas ibn Firnas attempted flight in 810-887 AD using wings and feathers. Leonardo da Vinci created flying machine designs in 15th century but they were unworkable
Contrails are line-shaped clouds produced by aircraft engine exhaust. Primarily composed of water in ice crystal form. Form at high altitudes above 8,000m with temperatures below -36.5°C. Can persist for hours and spread to several kilometers wide
Official FAA guidance for winter 2024-2025 deicing season. Contains holdover times and allowance times for various aircraft fluids. New version published in early August before winter season
Boeing windows have wide, angular side angles, while Airbus windows have sharp right angles. Boeing noses are sharp and pointy, while Airbus noses are round and semi-circular. Boeing engines have flat bottoms and circular tops, while Airbus engines are circular. Boeing engines are mounted forward, while Airbus engines are under wing