Communication is the exchange of information between two or more people. The sender encodes and transmits the message. The receiver decodes and interprets the information. The message contains the content of the sender's communication. The medium is the means of transmitting the message
CNR measures contrast between tissue of interest and background. SNR measures image signal relative to background noise. Optimal images have reasonable noise level. Quantum noise (mottle) is inherent in x-ray and CT imaging
The Hum is a persistent low-frequency noise heard by many but not all people. Reports have been made worldwide, including US, UK, Australia and Canada. Some locations are named after the problem, like the Taos Hum in New Mexico
Noise colors are differentiated by the amplitude of different frequencies. White noise contains all audible frequencies from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Pink noise has lower frequencies than higher ones, creating a softer sound. Brown noise has more power in lower frequencies, providing a richer sound
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver created the model in 1948. They published their theory in 1948 and co-authored a book in 1949. Shannon was a mathematician and engineer, Weaver was a scientist
NVH stands for noise, vibration, and harshness. Initially used in automotive industry for vehicle testing. Now applied in various industries including building acoustics and electronics