Decision Tree is a supervised learning algorithm for classification and regression. It uses tree-like model with root node at top and internal/leaf nodes. Works like human brain to make decisions based on criteria
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, temperature, and energy relationships. Count Rumford discovered heat generation in cannon boring in 1798. Sadi Carnot introduced heat-engine cycle concept in 1824. Rudolf Clausius developed first and second laws of thermodynamics
Heat death suggests universe will reach thermodynamic equilibrium. Idea stems from second law of thermodynamics' tendency to increase entropy. Kelvin first proposed concept in 1851, extending thermodynamics to universe
Reversible processes involve infinitesimal changes in surroundings. System remains in thermodynamic equilibrium throughout process. Processes must be extremely slow (quasistatic) to maintain equilibrium. No dissipative effects like friction are allowed for reversible processes
Entropy measures spontaneous changes in thermodynamic systems. Term introduced by Rudolf Clausius in mid-19th century. Entropy predicts irreversible processes despite energy conservation. Boltzmann defined entropy as number of possible microscopic configurations
First appeared in Science Fiction Quarterly in 1956. Considered Asimov's favorite short story of his authorship. Ranked alongside "Nightfall" as one of his best-known works