Lynn and Vanhanen report large differences in global IQ between countries. Population IQ correlates strongly with economic development. Low IQ countries tend to have higher birthrates. World population and mean IQ evolve at 25-year intervals
Created in 2011 by OECD to measure multiple dimensions of economic and social progress. Aims to replace GDP with indicators reflecting people's current and future well-being. Focuses on environmental sustainability, wellbeing, inequality, and systems resilience
Tokugawa Ieyasu established military government (bakufu) in 1603. Japan divided into three daimyo groups: sankei, fudai, and tozama. Daimyo required alternate years in Edo and their territories. Four-tier class system created to control society
DTM shows population shifts during economic and social development. Model originated in mid-20th century based on global population observations. Assumes strong association between birth/death rates and industrialization
Ottoman Empire consistently ranks among top 10 most played nations. Establish alliances with Ajam, Tunis, and Bohemia against major enemies. Focus on legalism and Devshirne System for stability. Build Janissaries exclusively for early game advantage
UN's HDI measures countries' social and economic development since 1990. Index evaluates individual capabilities rather than economic growth alone. Switzerland leads 2023/2024 rankings with HDI of 0.967