Born in 1828 into a Russian aristocratic family with legendary lineage. Lost both parents at young age, raised by relatives. Studied law at Kazan University but left at 16
The Wanderer is one of the oldest English poems, dating to the fifth or sixth century. The poem is part of the Exeter Book, the oldest English book, from the 10th century. The poem was likely written by a Roman Catholic monk as a compilation
Born in 1842 in New York City to Henry and Mary James. Moved to Europe from 1855-8, studying painting and science. Entered Harvard Medical School in 1864, suffered from depression. Traveled extensively in Europe from 1867-8, studying physiology and philosophy
Human nature refers to fundamental dispositions and characteristics of humans. Classical Greek philosophy originated Western conception of nature. Aristotle believed humans are rational animals with innate reason. Medieval philosophers emphasized man as political and communicative animal
Born in Belfast in 1898 to a Church of Ireland family. Developed interest in Norse, Greek mythology and Irish literature from childhood. Became an atheist at age 15, later converted to Christianity in 1931
Anna Karenina (1887) is considered the greatest novel ever written. War and Peace (1869) spans over 1,000 pages with 580 characters. The Kreutzer Sonata (1889) explores marital hypocrisy and music. The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886) addresses death and spiritual crisis. Resurrection (1899) tells story of nobleman's redemption after sin