Industry-based growth has been main objective since 1963. Private sector dominates manufacturing with 80% production share. Industry value added increased 8.1% annually from 1990 to 2002. Manufacturing exports grew 8.7% to 35.1% of total exports
Painite is a rare gemstone composed of boron and zirconium. Only over 300 painite crystals have been discovered. Average carat price ranges from $50,000 to $60,000. Has a Mohs hardness rating of 8/10 and is extremely brittle
Boron minerals are found in tincal, colemanite and ulexite. Boron oxide improves glass fluidity and ceramic properties. Boron compounds are used in cement production and metal industry. Boron carbide is used in military applications and nuclear research
Turkey leads global boron reserves with 73% share of total 803 million tonnes. Major boron deposits located in Eskişehir-Kırka, Kütahya-Emet, Balıkesir-Bandırma, Bigadic. Turkey exports 8% of boron minerals, with USA as top export destination
Phase diagrams summarize experimental data on solid-liquid phase transitions. Few first-principles calculations exist for one-component pressure-temperature diagrams. Phase transitions provide clues about materials behavior at high pressures
Type IIb diamonds contain boron, giving them a blue color. Hope diamond is a prime example of this type IIb variety. Previously, no mineral inclusions were found in type IIb diamonds