Kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs located between T12 and L3 vertebrae. Normal adult kidney measures 10-14 cm in males and 9-13 cm in females. Left kidney is usually slightly larger than right
Kidneys filter blood and produce urine through nephron tubules. Ureters transport urine from kidneys to bladder. Bladder stores and expels urine, can hold up to 500ml. Urethra transports urine in females, semen in males. Spleen filters blood and stores blood platelets
Kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs located between T12 and L3 vertebrae. Normal adult kidney measures 10-14 cm in males and 9-13 cm in females. Left kidney is usually slightly larger than right
Kidneys regulate body chemistry and balance fluid and salt levels. They produce hormones like renin and erythropoietin for blood pressure control. Kidneys maintain blood pH at 7.4 through acid-base balance. They produce vitamin D for bone health and calcium absorption
Test measures protein levels in urine, normal urine contains little protein. High protein levels may indicate kidney problems. Kidneys filter waste from blood to produce urine. Early detection helps determine kidney damage treatment
System consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Kidneys filter blood through nephrons to remove waste products. Each kidney is 10-12 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, weighing 120-170g