Course covers Ottoman Empire's late period and Turkish Republic's establishment. Focuses on 19th century Ottoman reforms and Turkish Independence War. Aims to explain Kemalist ideology based on science. Students will learn about republic proclamation and Ataturk's reforms
Halkçılık emerged from Russian Narodnik movement during Sultan Abdulaziz's reign. Ziya Gökalp opposed class conflict and promoted populism after 1918. Populism initially viewed as benevolent intellectuals for masses