Alphabet is a set of characters representing language's phonemic structure. Each character represents consonant or vowel, not syllable. A language with 30 consonants and 5 vowels needs only 35 letters
Alphabet is a set of characters representing language's phonemic structure. Each character represents consonant or vowel, not syllable. A language with 30 consonants and 5 vowels needs only 35 letters
Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 AD under weak emperors. Visigoths attacked Rome in 410, followed by Vandals' occupation of Carthage. Western Empire's eastern frontier collapsed in 406. Anglo-Saxons settled in Britain after 440
Earliest formal school developed in Egypt under Mentuhotep II's direction (2061-2010 BC). Ancient India had Vedic and Buddhist education systems, emphasizing character development. Ancient China created first education system in Xia dynasty (2076-1600 BC). Ancient Greece had mostly private education except in Sparta. Ancient Rome established formal schools by mid-4th century BC
Western Roman Empire lost central political control and territory by 476. Gibbon's 1776 work established standard approach to empire's decline. Pirenne challenged traditional view of empire's end in 8th century. Modern scholarship emphasizes cultural continuity beyond political collapse
Ancient Sumerians built stone basins for drinking water around 700 BC. Ancient Assyrians constructed rock-carved basins with lion reliefs. Ancient Egyptians developed systems for water hoisting from Nile. Ancient Greeks used aqueducts and gravity-powered fountains