Manner of articulation describes how sounds are produced using speech organs. Articulators include palate, tongue, lips, teeth and vocal cords. Speech sounds are categorized as consonants (partial/total closure) or vowels
Phonetics studies speech sounds and their production. Articulatory branch focuses on speaker production. Auditory branch examines listener perception. Acoustic branch investigates sound transmission
Speech sounds are created by altering air flow through vocal cords. Vowels are produced without airflow blockage, while consonants require airflow
Short words always have short vowels. Two vowels together produce the long sound of the first vowel. Vowels are short before double consonants
There are two main classes of sounds of speech: vowels and consonants. Vowels are syllabic sounds made without vocal cord constriction. Consonants are sounds produced with partial or complete vocal tract closure
French has uvular r and nasal vowels. Word-final consonants are always released. /b, d, ɡ/ are voiced, /p, t, k/ are unaspirated. /l/ is usually apical alveolar, sometimes laminal