Convention concluded in Tokyo on September 14, 1963. Entered into force on December 4, 1969. As of 2022, ratified by 187 states. Study of aircraft legal status began in 1902 with Paul Fauchille
UNFCCC was signed in 1992 by 154 states at Rio Earth Summit. Convention aims to limit dangerous human interference with climate system. Secretariat based in Bonn, Germany supports convention operations
International agreement on biosafety since 2003. Protects biodiversity from risks of genetically modified organisms. Adopted in January 2000 after CBD Working Group meetings. Requires precautionary approach and scientific evidence for LMOs
Protocol was signed in 1987 to protect ozone layer from depleting substances. First universally ratified UN treaty, with 198 parties (197 states, EU). Scientific research discovery in 1973 led to 18-month negotiations
EU environmental policy began in 1973 with Environmental Action Programme. Policy evolved to cover vast landscape of environmental legislation. By 2015, EU environmental law amounted to over 500 directives
Over 3,000 international environmental instruments identified by IEA Database Project. Most agreements are legally binding for ratified countries. Some agreements differentiate between countries and their responsibilities