Frankfurt School is not a formal school but a loose tradition of critical theory. First generation combined philosophy and social science with Marxism. Max Horkheimer outlined original research agenda in 1931. Institute moved from Geneva to Columbia after Nazi rise. Second generation included Habermas, Schmidt, and Wellmer
Series based on Margaret Atwood's 1985 novel about totalitarian society after Civil War. Fertile women called Handmaids are forced to child-bearing slavery. Society divided into classes with strict rules and limited freedoms. Women wear red dresses, cloaks, boots, and white coifs
Robinson Crusoe tells story of shipwrecked adventurer on desert island. Brave New World depicts future society controlled by genetic engineering. Lord of the Flies explores human nature through parable and allegory. Heart of Darkness critiques imperialism through Marlow's journey. Tess of the D'Urbervilles tells story of young woman's fateful choice
Louise Mallard is portrayed as delicate and needing careful attention. Characters worry about Louise's health and husband's death. Louise's grief is compared to storm, contrasting with springtime optimism
Utopia was coined by Sir Thomas More in 1516, meaning "no place". Dystopia was first used by John Stuart Mill in 1848, meaning "bad place". Utopia describes an ideal society where everything is perfect. Dystopia describes an undesirable society with oppression and injustice
Thomas More serves as ambassador to Netherlands during wool trade negotiations. Peter Giles becomes More's loyal friend in Antwerp. Raphael Hythloday, a traveller and philosopher, visits More's house