Sense is original fancy caused by external objects pressing on human organs. Imagination is decaying sense that persists after objects are removed. Dreams are waking thoughts caused by internal body disturbances. Understanding arises from voluntary signs, common to all animals
Published in 1651, Leviathan discusses society and government structure. Title references biblical Leviathan, chosen for its provocative nature. Written during English Civil War, advocating absolute sovereign rule
Locke advocated for limited government with no absolute authority. He believed in the right to revolution for people to change their government. Government should be a neutral judge of law
Born in 1588 in Westport, England to a disgraced vicar. Studied at Oxford from age 14, then became private tutor. Traveled to Europe in 1610, meeting Bacon and Jonson
Right of Nature is liberty to use power for personal preservation. Every man has natural right to everything, including others' bodies. Fundamental law is to seek peace and defend oneself. Second law requires mutual surrender of rights for peace
Mill learned Greek at three, Latin later, and became a competent logician by 12. Suffered a breakdown at 20, realizing more was needed than public good. Studied aesthetics with Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Goethe