Geographic coordinates use latitude and longitude to precisely locate Earth. System forms imaginary grid of lines covering entire planet. Locations measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds
Light year is a measure of distance using light as standard. Astronomers use light years to measure distances across universe. One parsec equals 3.26 light years
Distance is measured as space between two points. Distance traveled equals average speed multiplied by time (d = savg × t). Units must match for accurate calculations. Formula assumes constant speed in motion
The position function formula is x = x₀ + v₀t + 1/2at². The average velocity is calculated as (v₀ + v)/2. The constant acceleration allows for the substitution of v₀
Light year measures distance light travels in one year. One light year equals approximately 5.88 trillion miles (9.46 trillion km). Light travels at 186,282 miles per second (299,792,458 meters per second)
Pace is the time taken to travel a specified distance. Convert running time to seconds by multiplying minutes by 60 and hours by 3,600. Divide total time in seconds by total distance to find pace. Convert pace to minutes by dividing seconds by 60