Mendel established two basic genetic laws through pea plant experiments. Drosophila melanogaster has been used for genetic studies since 1907. Fruit flies are small, produce many offspring, and complete life cycle in 12 days
Monohybrid cross involves two organisms with homozygous genotypes. Each individual inherits two alleles of a particular gene. Only one pair of contrasting traits is studied. Punnett squares predict possible genotypic and phenotypic ratios
Mendel studied inheritance in pea plants from 1856 to 1865. He conducted crosses between true-breeding plants to study traits. He observed a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits in F2 generation. His work was rediscovered in 1900, paving way for chromosomal genetics
Johannsen introduced genotype as a class of organisms sharing stable genotypic constituents. Phenotype refers to physical and behavioral traits of an organism. Johannsen rejected transmission-conception of heredity based on continuous variation
Gregor Mendel was a monk and teacher in Brünn, Czech Republic. He began experiments in 1856 to study trait inheritance. Peas were chosen for their ease of growth and annual sowing capability
Mendel developed independent assortment after discovering segregation principle. Principle states alleles separate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization. Mendel studied pea plants with different traits like pod color