CCl4 is a tetrahedral compound with a central carbon surrounded by 4 chlorine atoms. Carbon has 4 lone electrons, chlorine has 7 electrons. Carbon shares its 4 outer electrons with chlorine atoms
H2O contains single bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Oxygen atom is at center surrounded by two hydrogen atoms. Oxygen has two lone pairs
Carbon and chlorine form a covalent compound by sharing electrons. Total valence electrons are 32 (4 from carbon, 4 from each chlorine). Carbon is placed as the central atom due to its low electronegativity
CCl4 contains one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms. Carbon forms four single bonds with chlorine atoms. Each chlorine atom has three lone pairs
Structural formula shows molecular arrangement in three-dimensional space. Bonds are represented by lines: single (1), double (2), triple (3). Electrons shown as colored circles, one for one, two for pairs. Atoms can have positive (⊕) or negative (⊖) charges
Valence measures an atom's combining capacity in chemical compounds. Valence is determined by the number of chemical bonds an atom typically forms. Double bonds count as two, triple as three, quadruple as four. Hydrogen typically has valence 1, oxygen 2, nitrogen 3, carbon 4