Titration determines analyte concentration using standard titrant solution. Term "titration" derives from French "titrer" meaning gold purity. Volumetric analysis originated in late 18th-century France. First burette invented by Descroizilles in 1791
Standard microscope slide measures 75x25mm and is about 1mm thick. Slides are made of optical quality glass or specialty plastics. Slides are held on microscope stage using clips, clamps or cross-table
Quantitative analysis determines absolute or relative abundance of substances in samples. It helps determine specific properties based on substance presence
pH measures acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions logarithmically. pH below 7 indicates acidity, above 7 indicates basicity. Pure water has pH of 7 at 25°C. pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with extreme values possible
Dilution is making a concentrated solution less concentrated. The formal formula for dilution is C1V1 = C2V2. Molarity (M) indicates moles of substance per liter
Titration determines reactant concentration in unknown solution. Requires calibrated burette, stand, multiple beakers, and titrant. Clean burette and glassware thoroughly with deionized water. Measure analyte amount precisely and add color indicator if needed