Yeast cells are single-celled eukaryotes belonging to Saccharomyces family. They can ferment sugars to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. Yeast cells can survive in nutrient-poor conditions through dormancy
Aspergillus niger is the most common pathogenic fungus known as black mold. Can grow at temperatures above +40°C and mature within three days. Forms colonies in dark, damp environments and requires high humidity
Yeast converts grape sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide through fermentation. More sugars in grapes lead to higher potential alcohol levels. Winemakers can stop fermentation early to preserve sweetness
Radiotrophic fungus described in 1886 from citrus leaves. Darkly-pigmented, slow-growing dematiaceous fungus. Forms complex of cryptic species with shared physiological attributes. Most phylogenetically similar to C. fusiforme