Document describes environmental impact on steel structures. Covers atmospheric, water and soil corrosion protection. Provides classification system based on corrosivity categories
Basic copper carbonate (Cu2(CO3)(OH)2) is a coordination polymer or salt. Found naturally as green mineral malachite. Also occurs as blue mineral azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2). True copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3) is not naturally occurring
Intergranular corrosion occurs when material's grain boundaries are more susceptible than their insides. Grain boundary depletion occurs when corrosion-inhibiting elements like chromium are depleted. Chromium carbide precipitation forms at grain boundaries in stainless steels
SCC is crack formation in corrosive environments leading to unexpected metal failures. Certain alloys only crack in specific mildly corrosive environments. Metal parts appear bright with microscopic cracks, often undetected. Process progresses rapidly and affects more alloys than pure metals
Rust is an iron oxide formed by iron and oxygen in water or air moisture. Water acts as the main catalyst for the corrosion process. Iron forms protective passivation layers when exposed to oxygen. Rust expands to take up more volume than original metal
Galvani discovered "animal electricity" in 1780 using frog legs as electrodes. Volta invented voltaic pile in 1799, challenging Galvani's theory. Faraday proved galvanic cells were chemical in nature in 1890