Projected coordinate systems use Cartesian coordinates on planar surfaces. Each system requires map projection, datum, origin point, and unit of measure. Hundreds of systems exist for various purposes worldwide
Unit vector is a vector of length 1 in a normed vector space. Unit vectors are denoted by lowercase letters with circumflex. Normalized vector is unit vector in direction of non-zero vector
Radius is the distance from center to perimeter of a circle or sphere. Name comes from Latin "radius" meaning ray or chariot wheel spoke. Diameter is twice the radius
Steady heat transfer maintains constant temperature or heat flux over time. Transient heat transfer varies with time and location. Heat transfer is one-dimensional when occurring primarily in one direction. Heat transfer is two-dimensional when third dimension effects are negligible
Two calculators available for 2D and 3D coordinate systems. Latitude/longitude distance calculator finds great circle distances. Map-based distance calculator allows repositioning markers
Free PNG images available for personal and non-commercial projects. Images include vector, GPS, and location map formats. Various resolutions and quality options provided