Pressure is force per unit area, measured in pascals (Pa). 1 Pa equals 1 N/m² or 1 N/m² for 1 N force over 1 m². Pressure increases proportionally with force over same area. Pressure decreases inversely with force over same area
Specific heat capacity indicates heat needed to raise 1 kg substance by 1 K. Higher specific heat capacity means more heat required for temperature change. Temperature change depends on heat input and substance's specific heat capacity
Evaporation is the transformation of liquid into vapor. Liquid particles escape when they consume enough energy to overcome vapor pressure. Surrounding gas must not be saturated with evaporating substance
Thermodynamics studies energy changes due to temperature and heat variations. Second law states universe's entropy is constantly rising. Entropy measures disorder or unpredictability in thermodynamic systems. Entropy is represented by letter 'S' and depends on system's substance
Specific heat is heat needed to raise 1 kg of substance's temperature by 1°C. SI unit of specific heat is J/Kg or J/Kg°C. Heat depends on temperature change, mass, and substance's phase
Temperature depends on average translational kinetic energy of atoms/molecules. Heat is energy transferred between systems at different temperatures. Temperature units are Celsius (0°C = 273K) and Kelvin