Use "please" and "thank you" when making requests. Listen actively without interrupting others. Avoid curse words and inappropriate language. Introduce yourself and others when meeting
Most communication occurs with 7-15 people, with 5-10 being closest. 'Six degrees of separation' theory suggests connections through 5-7 links. Research shows internet connections are closer than previously thought
Pragmatics studies how context contributes to meaning in human communication. Field emerged in 1950s after Austin and Grice's pioneering work. Pragmatics combines semantics and syntax in understanding meaning. Pragmatic competence refers to understanding intended meaning
Interpersonal communication is the exchange of information between two or more people. Communication includes both verbal and nonverbal cues in physical and psychological spaces. Research focuses on face-to-face communication, message production, and uncertainty management
Politeness theory was developed by Stanford researchers in 1970s-1980s. Theory builds on Goffman's face theory and assumes everyone has face needs. Face threats depend on power, distance, and cultural ranking
Formal letters should include purpose, contact information, greeting, and closing. Written letters should be no more than one typed page. Emails should include subject line and limited body paragraphs