Sterilizing-grade PES membrane with 0.2 μm hydrophilic film. Flow rates up to 2.5 times faster than other sterilizing membranes. Compatible with wide pH range from 1 to 14. Reduces filtration time by half while maintaining batch volume
Published by Christie J. Geankoplis in January 2003. Available in PDF (20 MB) and EPUB (9.2 MB) formats. ISBN #978013418028 and ASIN #013418026
PUPSIT is mandatory for final fill filtration in biopharmaceuticals. First introduced in 1996 Annex 1, updated in 2008. Aims to detect microscopic flaws during filtration process
Three main types: rapid gravity, upward flow, and slow sand filters. Rapid filters require chemicals, slow filters produce high-quality water without chemicals. Sand filters work by capturing particles on porous sand grains. Filters can be operated with upward or downward flowing fluids
Aquascaping began in 1930s Netherlands with Dutch-style techniques. Hobby combines plants, rocks, and fish in aesthetically pleasing underwater displays. Technical aspects include filtration, CO2, lighting, and algae control
Nephron is the microscopic functional unit of kidney. Each kidney contains 1-1.5 million nephrons. Nephron consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubule