Fluid particles follow smooth paths in layers with minimal mixing. No cross-currents or eddies occur perpendicular to flow direction. Particles near solid surfaces move in straight lines parallel to surface. Characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection
Refractory metals are exceptionally heat and wear resistant materials. Common definition includes five elements: niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium. Elements must have melting points above 2000°C
HDPE is a thermoplastic polymer produced from ethylene monomer. Has density ranging from 930 to 970 kg/m³. Stronger than LDPE with tensile strength of 38 MPa versus 21 MPa. Resistant to solvents and withstands temperatures up to 120°C
Grease is a solid lubricant formed from thickeners in liquid lubricant. Most commonly consists of soap emulsified with mineral or vegetable oil. Shows shear-thinning properties, dropping viscosity under shear stress
Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy through magnetic field interaction. Motors can operate on DC or AC power sources. They consist of rotor (moving) and stator (stationary) with magnetic field
Silicone is a polymer composed of repeating siloxane units. Typically colorless oils or rubber-like substances. Exhibits low thermal conductivity and chemical reactivity. Resistant to water, oxygen, UV light, and microorganisms