Penis development starts before 9th week gestation. Penile length increases significantly with gestational age. Normal penis size in neonates is 3.5 cm stretched length
HLHS is a rare congenital heart defect affecting left side of heart. Occurs in 1/3,841 live births in US, 1.5 times more common in males. Makes up 2-3% of all congenital heart disease cases
Caused by extra genetic material from chromosome 13 in body cells. Can occur as full trisomy 13 or mosaic form. Risk increases with maternal age, average 31 years. Most cases occur randomly during cell division
Birth-present skin thickening with diamond/trapezoid/rectangle plates. Affects facial features, ears, nose, mouth, and movement. Causes breathing difficulties and temperature regulation problems. Plates eventually fall off over several weeks
Anencephaly is absence of brain, skull, and scalp during embryonic development. Occurs when neural tube fails to close between 23rd and 26th day after conception. Usually affects only telencephalon, largest part of brain. Can be diagnosed prenatally through ultrasound and AFP screening
CCA affects 3-7 per 1000 births in general population. Can be isolated or part of complex brain malformations. Often associated with Chiari II malformation and myelomeningocele. Up to 75% of cases have no identifiable cause