Patellar dislocation occurs when kneecap slips out of normal position. Knee is bent, painful, and swollen with visible dislocation. Pain described as severe inside knee cap. Leg tends to flex even when relaxed
Patellar subluxation is more common than patellar dislocation. Condition causes repetitive subluxation and strain on medial restraints. Can result from osseous abnormalities like trochlear dysplasia. Can occur from soft-tissue issues like torn medial patellofemoral ligament
Patella baja is a condition with exceptionally low-lying kneecap bone. Can result from complete knee arthroplasty, scarring, or trauma. Risk factors include dislocation, fractures, and accidents
Patella alta causes instability, pain, and possible dislocation. Patella baja leads to limited range of motion and anterior knee pain. Both conditions can cause cartilage wear and chondromalacia
MPFL injuries include sprains, tears, ruptures and avulsion fractures. Almost always occurs in acute first-time lateral patellar dislocations. Common in rugby, American football and soccer players
Patella alta is a condition where kneecap rides higher on thigh bone. Knee becomes less stable, increasing risk of dislocation. Most commonly congenital, can result from knee injury