Gears are circular devices with teeth that transmit rotation across axes. Gears can change output speed by meshing teeth of different sizes. Gear ratio is calculated as input speed divided by output speed
Drive shaft transfers engine torque from transmission to differential. Essential component in car drivetrain for smooth operation. Different types for front-, rear- and four-wheel drive vehicles
Gear ratio determines the ratio of rotational speeds between two intermeshing gears. Gear ratio can be calculated using output speed (i = Ws/We) or teeth ratio (i = Ze/Zs). High gear ratio means slower speed but higher torque, low ratio means faster speed but lower torque
Drive shaft transmits power from engine to differential and wheels. Connects components in drivetrain due to distance or relative movement. Incorporates universal joints and other couplings for alignment. Used in rear-wheel drive vehicles, not front-wheel drive
Axle connects two or more wheels on the same axis. Can refer to hardware connecting wheels or coaxial wheels. Power source typically connected via differential
Invented by Vernon Gleasman in 1958 as Dual-Drive Differential. Used in center, rear, and front positions on vehicles. Maximum torque bias ratio (TBR) determines wheel spin control