Ships consist of hull and machinery, with hull being the shell and superstructure. Naval architect designs hull, navigating officer handles navigation, marine engineer manages systems. Ship's ends are stern (after) and bow (forward), amidships (between) and beam (maximum width)
Every ship must have a Biofouling Management Plan and Record Book onboard. Guidelines are not mandatory but recommended by IMO. Plans should be vessel-specific and include anti-fouling systems details. Records should document maintenance, inspections, and biofouling management
EU ETS legislation for maritime transport adopted on April 18, 2023. Shipping industry's GHG emissions increased from 2.76% to 2.89% between 2012-2018. EU Commission adopted Market Based Measures to combat climate change
Ship holds are spaces for carrying cargo in compartments. Cargo can be packaged or unpackaged, accessed through top hatch. Older holds were below orlop deck, later extended to weather deck. Some ships have built-in cranes, others need dock side or gantry cranes
Containers are secured to prevent shifting during sea transport. Proper securing is crucial, especially on deck due to ship motion. Large containerships can carry up to 20,000 TEUs
Slop tanks collect residual oil and sludge from cargo tank cleaning. They separate oil from water using gravity. Required for oil tankers over 150 gross tons according to MARPOL