Sea captain is a high-grade licensed mariner commanding merchant vessels. Responsible for ship safety, navigation, cargo operations, and crew management. Ensures compliance with local, international laws and company policies. Manages security plan and responds to threats from various threats
P&I insurance is mutual maritime insurance provided by P&I clubs. Clubs report only to members, unlike marine insurance companies. Members pay "calls" to pool funds, which can be reduced or increased
Charter Party replaces 1922, 1976 and 1994 forms for general maritime trade. Parties agree to perform under Part I and Part II conditions. Part I provisions prevail over Part II in case of conflicts
Convention replaces 1960 International Safety of Life at Sea. Applies to ships flying flags of contracting states. Requires full implementation of Convention and annex. Amendments accepted by two-thirds of contracting states. Convention enters force after 25 states with 50% merchant fleet
Convention defines territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. Territorial sea includes air space, bed and subsoil of territorial sea. Territorial sea delimitation between states with opposite or adjacent coasts
All garbage discharges into sea are prohibited except under specific conditions. Ships over 12m must display placards and have garbage management plans. Ships over 100GT must maintain Garbage Record Books from May 2024