Air pollution causes nearly seven million deaths annually worldwide. 99% of humans breathe air exceeding WHO's pollutant limits. Climate change threatens to worsen air pollution problems significantly
Human beings are at the center of sustainable development. States have sovereign rights to exploit resources and protect environment. Development must meet needs of present and future generations. Environmental protection is integral to sustainable development
New criteria adopted on 27 June 2023 for non-climate environmental objectives. Criteria informed by Platform on Sustainable Finance recommendations. New texts published in Official Journal on 21 November 2023. Will apply from January 2024
MARPOL is the most important international marine environmental convention. Convention aims to minimize ocean pollution including dumping and air pollution. 156 states are parties, representing 99.42% of world's shipping tonnage
International agreement on biosafety since 2003. Protects biodiversity from risks of genetically modified organisms. Adopted in January 2000 after CBD Working Group meetings. Requires precautionary approach and scientific evidence for LMOs
Over 3,000 international environmental instruments identified by IEA Database Project. Most agreements are legally binding for ratified countries. Some agreements differentiate between countries and their responsibilities