Aviation biofuel reduces environmental impact of medium and long-haul flights. First blended biofuel flight occurred in 2008. SAF production reached 600 million liters in 2023, representing 0.2% of global jet fuel
Jet fuel is colorless to straw-colored aviation fuel for gas-turbine engines. Most common fuels are Jet A and Jet A-1, produced to international standards. Jet B is used for enhanced cold-weather performance. Fuel must be free from water contamination to prevent freezing
Ethanol is produced from biomass through fermentation of sugars in plants. Most ethanol is made from corn or sugarcane, with 5% being petroleum-derived. Production requires distillation, dehydration, and sometimes denaturation. Ethanol is hygroscopic and absorbs water vapor from atmosphere
Farm is an agricultural land area primarily devoted to food production. Includes specialized units like dairy, poultry, and wind farms. Modern farms can be industrial operations like wind farms. About 570 million farms worldwide, mostly family-operated
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is a yellow flowering plant reaching 100 cm height. Flowers are 17 mm across with four petals arranged in cross-form. Pods are green during development, ripening to brown. Seeds are round, 1.5-3 mm diameter, black and hard at maturity
Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste, about 60% as sweet as sucrose. It is synthesized by reducing glucose through aldose reductase reaction. Found naturally in fruits like apples, pears, peaches, and prunes