Egoism focuses on self-motivated actions and behavior. Theories can be categorized as descriptive or normative. Egoism may emphasize will rather than self-interest
Leon Festinger proposed social comparison theory in 1954. Herbert Hyman's 1942 paper laid foundation for theory. Theory explains self-evaluation through comparing oneself to others
Fundamental attribution error occurs when observers overemphasize personality and underemphasize situations. Term coined by Lee Ross after Jones and Harris' 1967 Castro essay study. Group attribution error is identical to fundamental attribution error between groups
DSM-5 recognizes only overt narcissism as the official diagnosis. Five types exist: overt, covert, antagonistic, communal, and malignant. Overt narcissists are overly focused on status and power. Covert narcissists display subtle negative behaviors. Antagonistic narcissists compete and exploit others
Covert narcissists crave admiration but behave differently than overt narcissists. They exhibit narcissistic traits but hide more obvious signs. Both types have strong self-importance and lack empathy
Asocial individuals prefer solitude for comfort, while antisocial people use relationships selfishly. Asocial behavior stems from social anxiety, while antisocial behavior is driven by selfishness. Asocial people comply with social norms, while antisocial people disregard others' rights