Necrosis of cortical neurons due to inadequate oxygen and glucose supply. Common in cardiac arrest, global hypoxia, and hypoglycemia. Not to be confused with subacute cerebral infarction
Visual memory involves encoding, storing and retrieving neural representations of visual experiences. Visual memory spans from eye movements to years for navigation. Visual information can be stored as mental images of objects and places
WKS combines Wernicke encephalopathy and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. Caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, usually from alcohol abuse. Can occur from malnutrition, eating disorders, or prolonged IV therapy
Paraphasia is a language output error associated with aphasia. Three main types: phonemic, neologistic, and verbal paraphasias. Most common in fluent forms of aphasia. Can affect metrical, segmental information, or both
Retrograde amnesia is inability to access memories before injury or disease. Pure RA can be focal, isolated, or pure without anterograde amnesia. Temporally graded RA follows Ribot's law, losing recent memories more
PVL is white matter brain injury near lateral ventricles. Most common in premature infants weighing less than 1500g. Occurs when blood/oxygen flow to periventricular region is decreased. Damaged blood-brain barrier triggers inflammatory response