Founded in 1846 as Bergamo Company for cement production. Produced Scanzo cement used in major projects like Suez Canal. Merged with Pesenti family in 1920s, becoming Italcementi in 1927
Rebar strengthens concrete structures by increasing tensile strength. Steel and concrete have similar thermal expansion coefficients. Rebar surfaces feature ribs for better concrete bonding. Carbon steel is most common type, stainless steel and composites available
Slag is a by-product of metal smelting, containing metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Major components include calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, and aluminum. Slag production increases despite recycling efforts, with 600 kg per tonne of steel
Industrial and financial conglomerate headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey. Founded in 1967 by Sakıp Sabancı, now led by Güler Sabancı. Listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange since 1997. 49.11% of shares publicly traded, majority owned by Sabancı family
Concrete is a composite material made of cement, aggregate, and water. Portland cement is the most common binder, while aggregates include sand and gravel. Concrete hardens through hydration process, forming a stone-like material
European standard approved by CEN on July 6, 2012. Available in English, French, and German versions. Supersedes EN 450-1:2005+A1:2007