Three main types: rapid gravity, upward flow, and slow sand filters. Rapid filters require chemicals, slow filters produce high-quality water without chemicals. Sand filters work by capturing particles on porous sand grains. Filters can be operated with upward or downward flowing fluids
Personal care products clean and protect body parts for hygiene and health. Toiletries form narrower category for basic daily hygiene. Cosmetics enhance appearance, pharmaceuticals are not personal care. Global market size several hundred billion US Dollars
Rapid industrial development and urbanization threaten freshwater resources worldwide. 785 million people in Asian developing countries lack sustainable safe water. Industrial wastewater discharges cause environmental degradation and water quality problems
Wastewater treatment removes impurities before reaching natural water bodies. Water pollution primarily results from human activity. Pollution occurs when wastewater becomes unfit for specific uses
Wastewater treatment dates back to ancient civilizations. Modern industrial wastewater treatment started in 19th century. 20th century marked revolution in wastewater management
Book provides principles and basic treatment of wastewater. Historical development and current status of wastewater treatment are discussed. Future directions include health concerns and energy recovery. Treatment plants, process selection, and reliability are covered