Alienation concept evolves with changing reality perception across ages. Middle Ages saw theological balance in Dante's works. Enlightenment shifted focus from theology to science. Modernization in Turkish literature occurred through artificial interventions
Acculturation is the process of adapting to two cultures while maintaining one's original culture. It involves adopting and adjusting to new cultural environments. Acculturation occurs over generations through social pressure or constant exposure
Exoticism is the fascination with distant regions and their styles in art and design. Term comes from Greek 'exo' meaning 'outside', coined during Age of Discovery. First stimulated by Eastern trade in 16th-17th centuries
Venuti introduced domestication and foreignization strategies in 1995. Theory draws from Schleiermacher's domestication and Berman's foreignization concepts. Translation should be transparent without traces of the translator
Xenophobia is the fear of strangers and foreigners. Cultural xenophobia involves rejecting symbols associated with other groups. Immigrant xenophobia targets people who don't belong in the ingroup