Land degradation occurs when land becomes less healthy and productive. About 30% of land worldwide is degraded, affecting 3.2 billion people. UN estimates global economy could lose $23 trillion by 2050
Soil contamination results from human-made chemicals altering natural soil environment. Main contaminants include petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, lead, and heavy metals. Industrial activities, agricultural chemicals, and improper waste disposal cause contamination. Coal ash and treated sewage sludge are significant sources of contamination
Environmental pollution is the addition of harmful substances to change environment composition. Pollutants can occur in any phase and include air, water, soil, noise, and light. Air pollution comes from industrial reactions and vehicle exhaust. Water pollution results from agricultural runoff and industrial discharges. Soil pollution occurs from excessive fertilizer and pesticide use
Land pollution is the degradation of soil by contaminants from waste materials. Main causes include litter, waste, urbanization, mining, and agriculture. Litter cleanup costs US over $11.5 billion annually. 50 billion pieces of litter found along US roads and waterways
Primary pollutants come directly from fossil fuel burning and agricultural activities. Secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants react with atmosphere. Air pollution causes breathing problems and damages ozone layer
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