Titration determines reactant concentration in unknown solution. Requires calibrated burette, stand, multiple beakers, and titrant. Clean burette and glassware thoroughly with deionized water. Measure analyte amount precisely and add color indicator if needed
Metrohm AG is a leading instrument manufacturer for ion analysis. Founded in 1943 with 1001-5,000 employees. German sales organization of Metrohm AG in Switzerland
HCl reacts with Na2CO3 to form NaHCO3 and NaCl in two stages. Phenolphthalein indicates first stage, turning pink in basic solutions. Methyl orange shows second stage, changing from yellow to red
Titration determines analyte concentration using standard titrant solution. Term "titration" derives from French "titrer" meaning gold purity. Volumetric analysis originated in late 18th-century France. First burette invented by Descroizilles in 1791
Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4) is a colorless dye used as an indicator. It changes from colorless in acidic solutions to pink in basic solutions. It is a weak acid that can lose H+ ions in solution. It is slightly soluble in water and usually dissolved in alcohols
Methyl orange turns yellow in alkaline and neutral water. It turns red in acidic solutions, reaching pH 4.3. It is a weak acid that breaks down into orange neutral molecules. The molecular formula is C14H14N3NaO3S