GA is a benign gallbladder wall alteration found in 1-9% of patients. Characterized by wall thickening containing Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Four main patterns: localized, segmental, annular, and diffuse. Usually asymptomatic, may cause right upper quadrant pain
MRI detects cancer not visible on conventional imaging. Breast MRI can change treatment plan in 15-30% of patients. Lesions divided into focus/foci, masses, and non-mass enhancement
PET/CT studies require proper patient preparation and technical assessment. Optimal windowing uses grey scale with liver as reference organ. Rainbow color scale helps differentiate low, moderate and high activity. SUV threshold should be adjusted to liver background for consistent interpretation
CTA visualizes arteries and veins using contrast injection. Used to detect blockages, aneurysms, dissections, and stenosis. Can examine heart, aorta, lungs, kidneys, head/neck, arms/legs. Helps locate arterial/venous bleeding in gastrointestinal system
HCC is the most common primary liver malignancy worldwide. Highest prevalence in Asia due to hepatitis B infection. Typically affects males aged 65, with 75% of cases. Hepatitis B infection carries 10% 5-year cumulative risk. Hepatitis C infection carries 30% 5-year cumulative risk
CT is preferred for middle ear pathologies. MRI is better for inner ear conditions. Normal variants should be reported for surgical safety