Fetal surgery treats congenital abnormalities in pregnant fetuses. Three main types: open, minimally invasive fetoscopic, and percutaneous therapy. First successful human open fetal surgery performed at UCSF in 1981. Fetal interventions are relatively new with advancing technologies
Adenoidectomy is surgical removal of adenoid for breathing problems and infections. Most commonly performed outpatient under general anesthesia. Recovery time is 10-14 days, sometimes longer. Not recommended under one year as adenoid function decreases with age
Laser ablation removes material from surfaces using pulsed or continuous laser beams. Low laser flux heats material, high flux converts it to plasma. Excimer lasers with 200 nm wavelength are commonly used. Laser pulses can vary from milliseconds to femtoseconds
RACHS-1 system evaluates surgical outcomes for congenital heart disease. Aristotle score assesses complexity and surgical results. EuroSCORE evaluates cardiac operative risk in Europe
Removes cancer while preserving most of normal breast tissue. Sometimes called lumpectomy, quadrantectomy, or partial mastectomy. Usually includes surrounding healthy tissue and lymph nodes
Thyroidectomy removes part or all of the butterfly-shaped gland at neck base. Surgery treats cancer, goiter, or excessive hormone production. Types include total, hemithyroidectomy, and isthmusectomy