Post and Beam is a modern timber-based framed structure based on ancient trilithic system. Structure uses timber beams supported by columns with lateral stability provided by bracing. Suitable for both light outdoor structures and complex multi-storey buildings
VINCI leads with €53.6 billion revenue, focusing on sustainability and eco-friendly projects. Grupo ACS generates €37.3 billion, specializing in civil engineering and infrastructure. Bechtel operates at $21.8 billion, handling major projects like Hoover Dam. HOCHTIEF generates €25.1 billion, known for infrastructure and transport projects
Founded in 1982 in Bursa, Turkey. Became joint-stock company in 1992. Annual project capacity of 200,000 m² closed area. Operates in more than 33 countries
Construction industry expected to reach $10.5 trillion by 2023. 90% of contractors worry about labor shortage. Companies must balance technology with traditional methods
Pozzolans were first used in ancient civilizations for waterproof renderings. Ancient Greeks and Romans used volcanic materials for construction. Roman buildings like Pantheon and Pont du Gard were built with pozzolan-lime. Pozzolan-lime binders declined with introduction of Portland cement
Whitewash is made from slaked lime or chalk, curing through carbonation. It has mildly antibacterial properties and can be tinted for decoration. Initially low in opacity, requiring damping down before application