The rib cage consists of 12 pairs of ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae. True ribs connect directly to sternum, false ribs indirectly via cartilage. Floating ribs (11th and 12th) are not attached to sternum. Each rib has head, neck, and shaft with articular facets
Gills allow fish to breathe underwater using counter-current exchange. Gills consist of protein filaments with capillary networks for gas exchange. Most fish have gills protected by bony operculum on both sides of pharynx
Respiratory system enables gas exchange in animals and plants. Land animals have internalized lungs with millions of alveoli. Fish have external gills for gas exchange in water. Plants have stomata for gas exchange
Oxygen therapy is medical use of oxygen for treatment. Commonly used in hospitals, EMS, and first aid. First became common around 1917. Essential medicine on WHO's List
Fish anatomy studies form, physiology studies function in living fish. Body divided into head, trunk, and tail, often fusiform or compressed. Skeleton made of cartilage (cartilaginous) or bone (bony). Vertebral column consists of lightweight vertebrae with ribs
Sneezing is a natural body mechanism that can reach speeds up to 100 mph. Never try to stop a sneeze while it's in progress. Sneezing can spread bacteria up to 5 feet away. Sneezing into a tissue or sleeve is safer than sneezing into hands