Founded in 1995 as first Sino-foreign joint venture investment bank. Initially owned by China Construction Bank (42.5%) and Morgan Stanley (35%). Established first overseas subsidiary in Hong Kong in 1997. Completed China Mobile IPO on Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1997
Emerging markets have lower per capita income than developed economies. Rapid economic growth occurs due to industrialization efforts. High volatility arises from natural disasters, price shocks, and policy instability. Capital markets are less mature than in developed markets. Growth can lead to higher returns through export-driven strategies
Euroclear is a user-owned financial services company based in Brussels. Founded in 1968 as part of J.P. Morgan & Co. Serves over 90 countries with securities transactions. Largest international central securities depository globally
Structured finance emerged in mid-1980s for complex financing needs. Used by large corporations when conventional loans are insufficient. Core principle involves securitization of assets and asset pools
First modern stock exchange established in Amsterdam in 1611. Companies raise funds through IPO in primary market. Secondary market trades existing securities
$8-10 trillion annual investment needed for SDGs by 2030. Capital markets crucial for mobilizing private financing. G20 emphasizes capital markets' role in corporate and strategic sectors