EN2 gene encodes homeobox protein engrailed-2 in humans. FGF8 controls expression of EN2 transcription factor. Essential for proper neural circuit development. Required for proper positioning of folia in developing hemispheres. Knockout of EN2 causes altered vermis foliation patterning
Review examined PSA's diagnostic accuracy in symptomatic prostate cancer patients. 19 studies met inclusion criteria, 18 in secondary care settings. All studies used TRUS biopsy as reference test
PSA test measures protein levels in blood, used for prostate cancer screening. Prostate is walnut-sized gland below bladder, producing semen fluid. PSA is present in semen and small amount in blood
Prostate exam checks walnut-sized gland between bladder and penis. Digital rectal exam involves lubricated finger insertion into rectum. Exam takes few minutes and should not hurt. Provider checks for lumps, swelling, tenderness, and abnormalities
PSA test measures prostate-specific antigen levels in blood. PSA is produced by both cancerous and noncancerous prostate tissue. Test detects high PSA levels but doesn't diagnose cancer
Most common malignancy of prostate gland. Originates from prostatic secretory epithelium. Often asymptomatic unless locally advanced. 92% of US cases in men aged 55+