Isaac Babbitt invented original Babbitt alloy in 1839 in Massachusetts. Babbitt metal is used as bearing surface in plain bearings. Characterized by resistance to galling and soft, easily damaged nature. Structure consists of hard crystals dispersed in softer metal
Camshaft converts rotational motion to reciprocating motion using pointed cams. Trip hammers were early cam-based tools from Han dynasty China. First overhead camshaft cars were Maudslay (1902) and Marr (1903)
First V8 engine was Antoinette, built in 1904 for racing and cars. Renault and Buchet began small-scale production in 1904. First mass-produced V8 was Cadillac L-head in 1914
ESC improves vehicle stability by detecting and reducing traction loss. Automatically applies brakes to wheels to counter oversteer or understeer. Reduces engine power until control is regained. Does not improve cornering performance but helps prevent control loss
Launched in South Korea in 2003 as platform-shared Hyundai Elantra. Replaced Sephia/Mentor sedan and Shuma hatchback. Available as Spectra in North America and Sephia in Latin America. Facelifted in 2006 with revised Gamma engines
Radiators are heat exchangers used for cooling internal combustion engines. Engine coolant circulates through engine, radiator, and returns to engine. Coolant is usually water-based, sometimes oil-based