Pulp is fibrous material produced from wood, fibers, waste paper or rags. Ancient civilizations used unprocessed plant materials like papyrus. First papermaking in China around AD 105 using mulberry bast fibers
Macadamia is a genus of four Australian tree species in Proteaceae family. Trees grow 2-12m tall with whorled leaves and white-pink flowers. Macadamia nut is world's hardest edible nut to crack. Shell material is five times harder than hazelnut shells
Spruce is a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees. Mature trees reach 20-60m height with whorled branches and conical form. Distinguished by four-sided needles and cones without protruding bracts. Needles shed 4-10 years old, leaving rough branches
Deciduous conifers reaching 20-45 meters in height. Native to northern hemisphere, found in forests and mountains. Named after ancient settlement Larignum, where it was discovered. Wood has salmon pink heartwood and yellowish white sapwood
Bark is the outermost layer of woody plants, including trees and shrubs. Bark consists of inner bark (living tissue) and outer bark (dead tissue). Bark contains suberin, protecting against water loss and pathogens. Bark layers include cork, cortex, phloem, vascular cambium, and pith
Mahogany is a straight-grained reddish-brown timber from three tropical hardwood species. Three main species: Honduran, West Indian and Swietenia humilis. Honduran mahogany is most widespread and only genuine commercially grown species. Specific density ranges from 650 to 850 kg/m³ depending on species