Study evaluated 73 patients with Modic type 1 degeneration. Patients divided into three groups: true degeneration, confirmed infection, and suspected infection. Two blinded neuroradiologists independently scored claw sign and other imaging features
Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) are the largest vertebrae in the vertebral column. They bear the weight of the upper body and permit movement. Their vertebral bodies are large, wider laterally and thicker anteriorly
Spondylosis refers to degenerative changes in the spine, including bone spurs and disc degeneration. Thoracic spondylosis often shows no symptoms. Spondylitis is inflammation of vertebrae, while spondylosis is degenerative
Discitis is an infection of intervertebral disc space causing inflammation. Common in children but can affect adults. Can result from bacterial or viral infections
Cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae arranged vertically from skull to shoulders. Normal cervical spine shows lordotic curvature from C2-T2 with apex around C4-C5. Facet joints provide 45-degree rotation and flexion/extension movement. Intervertebral discs consist of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus
Modic changes are pathological changes in spine bones and disc endplates. Affects approximately 6% of general adult population worldwide. Prevalence increases from 25 to 40 years, stabilizes until 80+. Estimated to affect 349 million adults globally