There are 32 common physician specialties available. Specialties range from whole-body care to specific body systems. Training typically requires 3-7 years of residency
Local anesthetics eliminate pain without loss of consciousness. There are two main types: amino amide and amino ester LAs. They work by inhibiting sodium influx through neuronal cell membranes. Sensitivity of nerve fibers depends on diameter and myelination
Cerebral edema is excess fluid accumulation in brain spaces. Causes impaired nerve function and increased skull pressure. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures and visual disturbances
SAH is bleeding into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain. Characterized by thunderclap headache that develops rapidly. May include vomiting, decreased consciousness, fever, and seizures. About 15% die within 30 days after aneurysm rupture
ICH is sudden bleeding into brain tissues or ventricles. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage occurs within brain parenchyma. Intraventricular hemorrhage affects cerebrospinal fluid production
Cerebral atrophy is a decline in brain cell size and neuron connections. Generalized affects entire brain, focal affects specific locations. Brain shrinkage begins after age 35 at 0.2% per year. By age 90, brain loses 15% of initial peak weight