MAP sensor provides instantaneous manifold pressure information to engine's ECU. Used in fuel-injected engines to calculate air density and fuel metering. Can be converted to air mass using IAT sensor and engine speed. Used in OBD II to test EGR valve functionality
Throttle manages fluid flow through construction or obstruction. Term can refer to any engine power/speed regulation mechanism. In aviation, throttle is called thrust lever
Compression ratio is the ratio of maximum to minimum volume during compression. Static ratio measures volume at bottom to top of piston stroke. Dynamic ratio considers gases entering and exiting during compression
Piston is a moving component in various mechanisms containing a cylinder. Transfers force from expanding gas to crankshaft in engines. Functions as valve by covering and uncovering cylinder ports
Launched in 2015 as turbocharged straight-six engine replacing N55. Part of BMW's modular engine family with 500cc displacement per cylinder. Named to Ward's World's 10 Best Engines four times
Crankcase surrounds crankshaft in piston engines. Modern engines integrate crankcase into engine block. Some engines completely surround main bearing journals