Metabolic alkalosis is primary increase in bicarbonate with or without CO2 compensation. Common causes include vomiting, hypovolemia, diuretics, and hypokalemia. Kidneys normally reabsorb bicarbonate, so persistent alkalosis indicates increased reabsorption
Back pain, fatigue, and asthenia are most frequently reported side effects. Skin irritation, rash, and swelling are common. Nausea and diarrhea are frequent gastrointestinal side effects. Muscle and bone pain occur in many patients
A skin condition characterized by velvety epidermal overgrowth. Affects <1% of Caucasians, 13.3% of African Americans, 5.5% of Latinos. More common in people under 40 years old. Twice as likely to occur in type 2 diabetes patients
Hypophosphatemia is serum phosphate level below 2.5 mg/dL in adults. Most common cause is long-term low phosphate intake with sudden increase in requirements. Can result from inadequate intake, increased excretion, or intracellular shift
Base excess (BE) is a crucial diagnostic tool for various metabolic conditions. BE is calculated using pH, pCO2, sO2 and cHb in blood gas analyzers. A few microlitres of blood are sufficient for diagnosing metabolic acidosis. BE is independent of temperature and can be measured in any blood sample
Trimethylaminuria is a rare metabolic disorder affecting FMO3 enzyme production. FMO3 enzyme normally converts fishy trimethylamine into odorless trimethylamine oxide. Mutations in FMO3 gene on chromosome 1 cause primary trimethylaminuria. More than 40 known mutations associated with TMAU